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- DIGEST OF ARTICLES -- QST, April, 1993
-
- Following are digests of articles printed in the April, 1993 issue of
- QST. Such digests are being prepared for each issue of QST, and
- posted periodically. Subsequent issues will be posted one per week
- until they "catch up" to the current date in mid-1994, thereafter
- monthly.
-
- It is hoped that other hams will volunteer to post similar digests of
- the other ham technical publications such as QEX, CQ, 73, COMMUNICATIONS
- QUARTERLY, RTTY JOURNAL, et al. Especially desirable would be digests
- of publications in other countries, such as the RSGB RADIO COMMUNICA-
- TIONS and ham magazines in Europe, Japan, Australia, and other countries
- around the world. We English speakers would especially enjoy them if
- they were translated into our language, but they would also be valuable
- additions to the world's knowledge if they were posted in the language
- of origin. Who knows? Some bi-lingual ham somewhere might translate
- them into English and re-post them.
-
- Worldwide communications are getting better and better. The time has
- come to make the world's ham press available to all hams throughout the
- world!
-
- The major value of digests is to give readers sufficient information to
- decide whether to obtain a copy of the full text. If any U.S. reader
- wants a copy of an article in QST, please inquire of other hams in your
- own neighborhood. Many have collections of back issues. Anyone who is
- unsuccessful in finding a fellow ham with a collection should try every
- library in the area, especially those at universities and technical
- colleges. If all else fails, a copy can be obtained from the ARRL
- Technical Department, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111-1494 USA for a
- fee of $3.00 per copy. Remember, it is both cheaper and quicker to
- obtain one locally.
-
- Readers in most other countries can obtain copies from their own
- national ham organizations, sometimes translated into their own
- languages.
-
- -------------------------------CUT HERE---------------------------------
-
- COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Copyright to all the following material from QST
- Magazine is held by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), effective on
- the date of issue. Permission is granted for redistribution of the
- following in its entirety, or in part, provided that this copyright
- notice is not removed or altered and that proper attribution is made to
- ARRL as publisher of QST, to the authors of the original articles, and
- to W. E. "Van" Van Horne, W8UOF, author of this compilation.
- _________
-
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
- (line number in parentheses - counting from CUT HERE line)
-
- TECHNICAL ARTICLES (TA)
-
- TA1:An Introduction to Amateur Television - Part 1 (75)
- TA2:Fighting Antenna Corrosion (123)
- TA3:A Multimode Phasing Exciter for 1 to 500 MHz. (171)
- TA4:A Remotely Controlled Antenna Switch (210)
- TA5:A Two-Element Duoband Beam (249)
-
- PRODUCT REVIEWS (PR)
-
- PR1:AEA DSP-2232 Multimode Communications Processor (294)
- PR2:The ICOM IC-R7100 HF/VHF/UHf Communications Receiver (337)
- PR3:Terlyn Outbacker JR-8 HF Mobile Antenna (364)
-
- HINTS AND KINKS (HK)
-
- HK1:Positive and Negative Keyer Keying, Simply (401)
- HK2:Low HW-8 Power Output (416)
-
- TECHNICAL CORRESPONDENCE (TC)
-
- TC1:Sporadic-E Causes (433)
- TC2:More on Measuring SSB/CW Receiver Sensitivity (451)
-
- LAB NOTES (LN)
-
- LN1: Emergency Power (474)
-
- FEEDBACK (FB)
-
- FB1:QST January, 1993, pp. 34-35 "High Performance, Single-Signal (491)
- Direct Conversion Receivers"
-
- NEW HAM COMPANION (NHC)
-
- NHC1:7 dB. for 7 Bucks (510)
- NHC2:Scanning the VHF Aviation Band (547)
- NHC3:Confessions of a Conversation Hunter (562)
- NHC4:Rockets and Radio (571)
- NHC5:The Doctor is IN (591)
-
- RADIO TIPS (RT)
-
- RT1:What's Happening on the 2-Meter Band? (613)
- RT2:What Type of Feed Line Should I Use? (623)
- RT3:The Monoband HF Dipole Antenna (634)
-
- GENERAL INTEREST ARTICLES (GI)
-
- GI1:Don't Get Blown Away by Your Mobile Rig (645)
- GI2:Big LEOs (656)
- GI3:Visiting Amateurs in the Far East (690)
- GI4:Five Meters or Bust (709)
- GI5:Transmitter Hunting: Tracking Down the Fun - Part 1 (717)
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- TECHNICAL ARTICLES (TA)
-
- Title>TA1:An Introduction to Amateur Television - Part 1
- Author>Taggart, Ralph E. - WB8DQT
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 19-23
- Abstract>First installment of 3, describing amateur television. This
- one covers current activities, bands in use, and how to receive and view
- local transmissions.
-
- Digest>This is the first of a projected three articles regarding amateur
- television (ATV). It should not to be confused with slow-scan TV
- (SSTV), which is more akin to facsimile. Part 1 is a description of
- present amateur activities in television transmission and reception, the
- bands that are currently being used, and an outline of how one might be
- able to watch and listen to what is being done now in the local area.
-
- There are three major TV formats in use in the world: the one we use in
- North America, known as NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. The last two are in use
- in Europe and other countries throughout the world. The PAL system was
- developed in Germany and SECAM in France. Which system is used in what
- countries is, in most cases, determined by what company got the contract
- to put the first broadcasting system in use. Amateurs almost invariably
- use the same TV system that is broadcast in their country so as to be
- able to use television sets bought in local stores.
-
- Most ATV operation is in the 70 cm. band, which is the lowest frequency
- band in which ATV is authorized by the FCC. Some work is done on higher
- bands, but 70 cm. seems to show the best transmitting conditions.
-
- In more than 40 states and around the world there are ATV repeaters.
- Most use receive and transmit frequencies in the same 70 cm. band.
-
- The distance over which a reliable TV signal can be transmitted for a
- given amount of radiated power is substantially shorter than is the case
- with audio. The reason is that the bandwidth occupied by a TV signal,
- operating in real time, is about 4.5 MHz., more than 300 times as broad!
- Spreading the same amount of power over that much more spectrum width
- reduces the signal level by some 25 dB. But at these frequencies,
- multi-element beam antennas are easy and inexpensive to build, so it is
- possible to pick up as many as 15 dB. gain compared with that of a
- quarter-wave whip antenna. Hence, if one can work a given station on FM
- audio with an HT running from 1 to 10 watts output, it will probably be
- possible to work over the same distance with ATV, using a high-gain
- antenna and from 10 to 100 watts output.
-
- The next installment of this series will discuss the details of an
- operating an ATV station.
- _________
-
-
- Title>TA2:Fighting Antenna Corrosion
- Author>Roleson, Scott - KC7CJ
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 24-26
- Abstract>The causes of antenna corrosion and how to minimize it.
-
- Digest>Weather-caused antenna corrosion occurs primarily when two
- different metals such as aluminum and copper come in contact with each
- other. When the antenna gets wet from rain, all the elements necessary
- for galvanic corrosion are present. The word "galvanic" implies that an
- electro-chemical process is at work. In fact, it is the same process
- that explains how a battery works.
-
- All metals form a "galvanic series" based on the voltage that each
- develops (in relation to a platinum electrode) when it is immersed in an
- electrolyte such as rainwater. At one end of the series, the "anodic"
- end, are, in order, magnesium, zinc, and aluminum. At the other end,
- the "cathodic" end, are gold, silver, nickel (passive), and copper.
- Thus aluminum and copper are far apart on the scale and there is a
- relatively large voltage that develops between them.
-
- The electric potential causes the water molecules (H2O) to break down;
- the oxygen atom combines with an atom of the aluminum forming
- aluminum-oxide, and two electrons combine with the hydrogen ions that
- were left from the breakdown of the water molecule to form a molecule of
- hydrogen gas (H2). The aluminum oxide is an insulator and, before long,
- the former low-resistance electrical contact between the copper and
- aluminum becomes a high resistance joint.
-
- There are two ways to overcome such corrosion problems. First, the part
- of the copper that touches the aluminum should be covered with solder
- ("tinned"). Then the connection should use a star-type lock-washer on
- the screw that compresses the joint, and it should be secured with
- stainless-steel hardware. The lock-washer will cut through any oxide,
- or other insulating coating, to insure good conductivity.
-
- Second, the overall joint should be covered with a waterproof compound,
- and that, in turn, wrapped with a weatherproof covering. Stainless steel
- and solder are not far from aluminum in the galvanic series, so do not
- generate much voltage that would promote a chemical reaction, and
- preventing water from getting into the joint will prevent any corrosion
- at all.
-
- There are a number of corrosion-fighting compounds on the market that
- both enhance conductivity of a metal-to-metal joint, and also waterproof
- it.
- _________
-
-
- Title>TA3:A Multimode Phasing Exciter for 1 to 500 MHz.
- Author>Campbell, Rick - KK7B
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 27-31
- Abstract>Construction of a relatively high-performance but simple CW/SSB
- transmitter, a companion to the single-signal direct-conversion receiver
- in January, 1993 QST.
-
- Digest>The author of this article is the same person who wrote the
- article in the January, 1993 QST describing a single-signal
- direct-conversion receiver. In this month's article, he is describing a
- companion transmitter that can be used in CW or SSB modes.
-
- He omits a description of the two local oscillators which, presumably,
- will be the same ones used in the receiver. The only frequency-specific
- components in this transmitter are the ones that form a low-pass filter
- at the output; he gives a table of values for the inductors and
- capacitors involved, so that the unit can be built for the 7, 28, 50,
- 144, 222, or 432 MHz. bands.
-
- The transmitter generates a single-sideband signal using the same
- phasing method that the author used to provide single-signal reception
- in the earlier receiver article. In fact, the whole circuitry is very
- similar to that of the receiver.
-
- The r.f. output is limited to 3 milliwatts and so, in almost all cases,
- it will be used to drive a power amplifier. Aside from the final
- amplifier and the local oscillators, a complete wiring diagram and parts
- specifications are included.
-
- Etched, plated, and drilled p.c. boards are available from Applied Radio
- Science, P.O. Box 225, Houghton, MI 49931 for $10.00 each, postpaid.
- Also, a catalog of kit information is available from the same source for
- an SASE. An etching template/parts-overlay package can be obtained from
- the ARRL Technical Department Secretary, 225 Main Street, Newington, CT
- 06111 for an SASE. Address the request to the Campbell T2 Board
- Template.
-
- _________
-
- Title>TA4:A Remotely Controlled Antenna Switch
- Author>Thompson, Nigel - KG7SG
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 32-35
- Abstract>Construction of a remotely-controlled antenna switch.
-
- Digest>This article describes an antenna switch that can be mounted
- outdoors and controlled automatically by ICOM MF/HF rigs, or manually
- with other rigs. It is designed to switch a single feedline coming from
- the shack to each of up to seven antennas, one each on 10, 15, 20, 30,
- 40, 80, and 160 meters.
-
- The author designed this system to work with his ICOM 735 transceiver
- which makes a band signal available on a rear-panel multi-pin socket
- labeled: ACC2. Four leads connect from the ACC2 socket to the
- antenna-switch box: 13.8 v. supply, +8.0 v. reference, ground, and
- band-output-signal voltage. The last of these provides a d.c. voltage
- that changes in approximately 1.0 volt steps, from 0 to 8 volts to
- indicate which band is in use. However, the 18 and 21 MHz. bands are
- indicated by the same voltage, as is also true for the 24 and 28 MHz.
- bands.
-
- On pin number 1 is a plus 8.0 volt reference voltage. The author
- connects a voltage divider between the 8.0 volts and ground with a tap
- corresponding to each of the levels indicating the respective bands. On
- each tap, he connects one section of an LM339 quad-comparator chip. A
- straightforward circuit causes the comparators to "decide" which band is
- in use and activate one of seven relays that switches the feedline among
- the antennas, and also lights an LED indicating which one is active.
-
- A complete wiring diagram, parts list (with Radio Shack stock numbers),
- and photographs of the author's unit, are included. For people who use
- transceivers other than ICOMs, a wiring diagram shows a multi-position
- switch and voltage divider circuit to allow manual control of the same
- system. Most hams would probably opt to use the rotary switch directly
- to control the current to the individual relays rather than code and
- decode the switch position as an analog voltage level.
-
- _________
-
- Title>TA5:A Two-Element Duoband Beam
- Author>Mansheim, John V. - W0JCS
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 36-37
- Abstract>Construction article for a two-element beam for the 12- and
- 17-meter bands.
-
- Digest>This is a construction article giving full information and
- instructions for building a two-element yagi beam to cover the 12- and
- 17-meter bands. The design uses a driven element and reflector, each of
- which is a classical type of trap-dipole. That is, the traps are
- resonant at the middle of the higher frequency band, in this case the
- 12-meter band. When that band is in use, the impedances of the resonant
- traps are so high that they can be considered open-circuits and the
- active length of the dipole is resonant on that band. When the lower
- frequency is in use, the traps present an inductive reactance which
- means that, in tuning, the overall physical lengths of the elements must
- be cut somewhat shorter than would be the case if the traps were not
- present.
-
- The author relates that he made the duoband beam out of a 12-meter beam
- that had been erected previously. He only extended the elements and
- inserted the traps; he did not change the separation between the
- elements, which is 71-1/2 inches. That dimension represents 0.15
- wavelength on 12-meters and about 0.11 wavelength on 17-meters. Both
- dimensions are within the ranges recommended by authorities on Yagi
- design.
-
- The traps used are commercially available, manufactured by Unadilla
- Antenna Manufacturing Company, Andover, MA 01810. They are apparently
- designed for mounting on tubular elements as each coil form, itself,
- forms an insulator and mechanical support for two pieces of tubing.
-
- Dimensioned drawings and complete parts lists are included, as are
- photographs of the final result. The author states that the beam shows
- apparent gain of 5 to 6 dB. over his dipoles, front-to-back ratio more
- than 10 db., and front-to-side ratio of 25 dB. He states that his total
- cost, including the four traps, was less than $100.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- PRODUCT REVIEWS (PR)
- Conductor: James W. Healy - NJ2L
- Sr. Asst. Technical Editor
- _________
-
- Title>PR1:AEA DSP-2232 Multimode Communications Processor
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 65.
- Abstract>Review of AEA's first communications processor to feature
- Digital Signal Processing.
-
- Digest>The DSP-2232 differs fundamentally from the previous digital mode
- equipment manufactured by AEA in that it uses digital signal processing
- (DSP) modems in software, rather than the hardware of all previous
- models. Since it is much easier to change software than hardware, that
- means that this new system is very much more versatile and can emulate
- almost any modem in software.
-
- This one unit can operate in AX.25 packet (300, 1200, and 2400 bit/sec
- AFSK; 1200 and 4800 bit/sec PSK; 9600 bit/sec FSK) Baudot and ASCII
- RTTY; AMTOR; CW;NAVTEX; TDM (Time-division multiplex); KISS (for
- TCP/IP); and other special applications. In addition, using extra
- software not provided with the unit, it can process SSTV and FAX modes.
-
- The second feature differentiating the '2232 from the older AEA units,
- like the venerable PK-232, is the fact that it can simultaneously
- operate different modes on two different rigs. One channel can monitor
- a VHF packet cluster while the other is operating HF AMTOR, for example.
-
- The reviewer reports that the unit's performance on HF and VHF packet is
- excellent. It exhibited better noise immunity, especially on HF packet,
- than other units that he has used. It also did very well in PSK PACSAT
- operation. He transmitted MFSK on the 2-meter FM uplink to the
- Fuji-OSCAR 20 and received PSK on the 70-cm. downlink very effectively.
-
- Like the older PK-232, the DSP-2232 includes the SIAM (Signal
- Identification and Aquisition Mode) which automatically identifies
- unknown digital signals, if it is within the modes that the unit is
- programmed to recognize.
-
- In spite of its great versatility, the unit is easy to understand and
- operate and comes with a thorough and "user-friendly" operating manual.
- Its price is high, but much less than the total cost of the alternate
- equipment that would be necessary to perform all of the different
- functions that can be performed by this one unit alone.
-
- _________
-
- Title>PR2:The ICOM IC-R7100 HF/VHF/UHF Communications Receiver
- Author>Newkirk, David - WJ1Z and Healy, Rus - NJ2L
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 67-69
- Abstract>Review of ICOM's R7100 receiver. Covers exceptionally wide
- frequency range. Designed more for Short Wave Listening (SWL) than
- amateur radio use.
-
- Digest>This article reviews a new ICOM receiver that covers the very
- broad range from 25 to 2000 MHz. It includes 920 memories, a scanner, a
- noise-blanker and selectable automatic frequency control (AFC).
-
- It is a multi-conversion superhet. From 25 to 512 MHz., it uses triple
- conversion with i.f.'s at 778.7 MHz., 10.7 MHz., and 455 KHz. Above 512
- MHz., it uses quadruple conversion with first i.f. at 266.7 MHz. and the
- other three the same as those used below 512 MHz. For tuning the range
- from 1025 to 2000 MHz., an internal crystal-controlled converter
- converts those frequencies to the basic tuning range of 25 to 1025-MHz.
-
- In spite of its impressive features, the reviewer feels that this
- receiver does not meet the requirements of serious ham operation. It is
- designed more for the short-wave listener who wants to extend his
- listening far beyond the "short waves". Its dynamic range is limited,
- its narrowest selectivity is 2.4 KHz. bandwidth, its synthesizer is
- noisy, and its tuning resolution is far too coarse for serious CW and
- SSB reception.
- _________
-
-
- Title>PR3:Terlyn Outbacker JR-8 HF Mobile Antenna
- Author>Bauer, Jeff - WA1MBK
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 70
- Abstract>Reviews an exceptionally rugged multiband mobile antenna.
-
- Digest>The Outbacker is a multiband mobile antenna made in Australia. It
- is advertised and noted as being exceptionally rugged. Several
- different models are offered; the one reviewed is the 150-watt
- 4-foot-long model JR-8 for 75 through 10 meters.
-
- Although rugged, the two-piece antenna weighs a total of only 1-3/8
- pounds. The bottom section is a fiberglass-reinforced-plastic (FRP)
- rod, helically wound with a copper-wire radiator, encased in epoxy. The
- helix is tapped at eight different points for operation on the different
- bands. Bandswitching is done by changing the plugs on a flexible jumper
- that is wrapped around the outside of the antenna. The jacks that the
- jumpers plug into are oriented downward so that water does not enter
- them.
-
- The reviewer deliberately mounted the antenna on the roof of his car and
- repeatedly banged it into overhead tree limbs, etc. Finally, the
- stainless-steel whip that forms the upper part of the antenna did break
- off but only after having been hit many times. The lower portion and
- the extra-rugged base were not affected at all. The whip was easily and
- quickly replaced.
-
- He reports that he really enjoyed using the Outbacker and, in fact, was
- so taken with it that he gave away his other name-brand antenna.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Hints and Kinks (HK)
- Conductor: David Newkirk, WJ1Z
- Sr. Asst. Technical Editor
- _________
-
- Title>HK1:Positive and Negative Keyer Keying, Simply
- Author>Boyars, Art - K3KU
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 71-72
- Abstract>Circuit description for a keyer able to handle either positive
- or negative keying lines.
-
- Digest> Mr. Boyars' hint is a simple circuit that can key either
- positive or negative keying lines. It uses two transistors. They
- operate in the normal manner when keying negative lines, but when used
- to key positive lines they operate in a way not usually considered
- normal. Nevertheless the circuit works reliably and well. He discusses
- the operation in detail and shows how and why the transistors work.
-
- _________
-
- Title>HK2:Low HW-8 Power Output
- Author>Czuhajewski, Michael A. - WA8MCQ
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 72
- Abstract>Correcting a problem of low output in Heath transceivers.
-
- Digest>The writer points out that some Heath HW-8 transceivers deliver
- low power output on 80 and 40 meters, caused by an increase of the
- permeability of the output network ferrite cores. He explains how to
- diagnose this problem and how to correct it.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- TECHNICAL CORRESPONDENCE (TC)
- Conductor: Paul Pagel, N1FB
- Assoc. Technical Editor
- _________
-
- Title>TC1:Sporadic-E Causes
- Author>Spokes, G. Neil, Ph.D. - AB4YK
- Source>QST Apr 1993, P. 73
- Abstract>Hypothesis to explain 5-day periodicity in VHF sporadic-E
- propagation.
-
- Digest>The writer comments on a recent observation made by Emil Pocock,
- W3EP and Pat Dyer, WA5IYX. They found a 5-day periodicity in VHF
- sporadic-E propagation that was maintained over at least a decade. Dr.
- Spokes suggests that there are "hitherto undiscovered flowing streams of
- particles or gases orbiting around the sun in comet-like trajectories
- that intersect the Earth's orbit primarily in the May-August and
- November-February time frames." He predicts that researchers may find
- other manifestations of the hypothesized particle streams and suggests
- ways of testing for their presence.
-
- _________
-
- Title>TC2:More on Measuring SSB/CW Receiver Sensitivity
- Author>Zeiller, Thomas W. - KK6ZI
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 73
- Abstract>Debate between Zeiller and Sabin - W0IYH over definition of the
- term "excess noise power" and its possible effects in identifying
- sources of receiver noise.
-
- Digest>The writer suggests that William Sabin, W0IYH, author of the
- article: "Measuring SSB/CW Receiver Sensitivity" in QST, October, 1992
- used an incomplete definition of the term "excess noise power", and
- proposes that this definition caused some problems in identifying the
- source of noise.
-
- Following Mr. Zeiller's letter was a rebuttal and further clarification
- by Mr. Sabin.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- LAB NOTES (LN)
- Conductor: Steve Ford, WB8IMY
- Asst. Technical Editor
- _________
-
- Title>LN1:Emergency Power Sources
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 76-77
- Abstract>Questions and answers regarding emergency power sources,
- especially for use in Field Day operations.
-
- Digest>The questions regard how much rated power a generator should have
- to operate a typical Field Day setup; whether extra contest "points" can
- be obtained for operating with 5-watts or less; whether batteries can be
- used with a 100-watt transceiver; whether solar power can be useful;
- whether there are batteries other than lead-acid that can be used; and
- what kind of information does ARRL have about emergency power sources.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- FEEDBACK (FB)
-
- Title>FB1:High-Performance, Single-Signal Direct-Conversion Receivers -
- QST Jan 1993
- Author>Campbell, Rick - KK7B
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 75
- Abstract>In the Campbell article in QST Jan 1993, pp. 34-35 there are
- many errors in the schematic (Fig. 3).
-
- Digest>R33 can be omitted and replaced with a wire jumper. R32 is not
- used. R35 is shown twice; both are 10k ohms. R49 and C41 should be
- reversed; C41 connects to ground. Q10 is a 2N3906, NOT 2N3904. The
- schematic shows two Q9s. The 2N3904 labeled Q9 next to Q5 and Q6 is
- actually Q4.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- NEW HAM COMPANION (NHC)
-
- This is a regular section of QST devoted to articles of primary interest
- to newcomers to ham radio.
- _________
-
- Title>NHC1:7 dB. for 7 Bucks
- Author>Loucks, Nathan - WB0CMT
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 54-55
- Abstract>Construction of a simple 2-meter, 3-element beam.
-
- Digest>Described is a simple 3-element beam for 2-meters built out of
- 3/4" PVC pipe with elements cut from steel welding rods or brass rod
- found in some hobby stores.
-
- The author used a 3/4" tee for the center of the boom, and inserted an
- 18" piece of tubing in each side of the crossbar of the "T" to form the
- boom. In the base of the tee a 36" piece of tubing was inserted as the
- mast. He fastened the tubing into the tee using wood screws, then cut a
- 35" rod for the director and inserted it in holes drilled through the
- tubing 3/4" from one end of the boom. At the other end, he similarly
- mounted a 40" rod as the reflector.
-
- Holes were drilled for the driven element 16" from the reflector, which
- put it 20" from the director. The driven element is in two pieces;
- each piece is pushed into a pair of holes drilled through both walls of
- the tube. The two pairs of holes are about 1" apart, so the PVC acts as
- the center insulator between the two halves of the element. To make the
- length variable for fine tuning, a 4" piece of rod is attached to each
- end with a "jam-screw" clamp. The braid of the coax feedline is
- attached to the driven element at the center, with the braid soldered to
- one half and the center conductor to the other, completing the antenna.
-
- The antenna can be mounted on a chimney or vent-pipe and aimed at a
- favorite repeater, for example, or else put on a TV rotator for general
- use. The diagram and photographs in the article show the antenna built
- with the elements vertical for vertical polarization, which is best for
- FM work. If it is to be used for 2-meter SSB and CW, Mr. Loucks
- recommends assembling the boom with the elements horizontal.
-
- _________
-
-
- Title>NHC2:Scanning the VHF Aviation Band
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 56-58
- Abstract>How to listen to the VHF Aviation Band and what the listener
- will hear.
-
- Digest>In this article, Mr. Ford acquaints amateurs about radio
- activities on frequencies located between the FM broadcast band and the
- 2-meter amateur band. They are primarily aviation communications. Some
- 2-meter hand-held rigs cover these frequencies and allow one to
- listen-in. Otherwise, it will require a VHF scanning receiver designed
- to cover the aviation band.
- _________
-
-
- Title>NHC3:Confessions of a Conversation Hunter
- Author>Elliott, Jock - KG2GOM
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 59
- Abstract>Ways to draw people into interesting conversations by asking
- leading questions, or otherwise taking the QSO beyond a bare-boned
- exchange of signal reports.
- _________
-
-
- Title>NHC4:Rockets and Radio
- Author>Patterson, Dave - WB8ISZ
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 61-62
- Abstract>Describes the hobby of model rocketry and how ham-radio can be
- utilized in it.
-
- Digest>This is a description of the hobby of model rocketry. Many people
- enjoy assembling and firing model rockets using solid-fuel engines
- available from various manufacturers. Some enjoy the help of hams
- equipped with HT rigs to monitor the flight visually and report the
- track of the rocket on its descent by parachute, to avoid losing it.
-
- Even better is a "foxhunt" in which the rocket is equipped with a tiny
- transmitter that can be tracked by radio as it is coming down and found
- after it has landed. This is especially important when high- altitude
- rockets are being fired that may drift for more than a mile during
- descent.
- _________
-
-
- Title>NHC5:The Doctor is IN
- Author>Various
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 63
- Abstract>The monthly Question and Answer column which addresses subjects
- of interest to newcomers to ham radio.
-
- Digest>This month the questions relate to the difference between
- 1/4-wave and 5/8-wave antennas for use in 2-meter mobile service;
- on-glass mobile antennas; whether a technician-class licensee can
- operate digital modes on 10-meters; whether a battery pack can be
- damaged if left connected to the charger too long; and what is wrong if
- an old receiver receives well on every band except one.
-
- _________
-
- RADIO TIPS (RT)
-
- These are short items, scattered among the articles in the NEW HAM
- COMPANION section.
- _________
-
-
- Title> RT1:What's Happening on the 2-Meter Band?
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 60
- Abstract>Described are: DX-chasers at the low end of the band; packet
- radio from 144.91 through 145.09 MHz., in some areas also on 145.50 to
- 145.80 MHz.; satellite activity between 145.80 and 146.00; and FM
- repeaters covering almost all the rest of the band.
- _________
-
-
- Title>RT2:What Type of Feed Line Should I Use?
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 60
- Abstract>The characteristics of four common types of feed lines are
- given: RG-58 - useful for HF lines less than 50 feet long. RG-8 or
- RG-213 - for higher power or longer runs on HF and for all uses on
- VHF/UHF. Hardline - for VHF, UHF, and microwave. Open Wire - for use
- with antenna tuners.
- _________
-
-
- Title>RT3:The Monoband HF Dipole Antenna
- Author>Ford, Steve - WB8IMY
- Source>QST Apr 1993, p. 64
- Abstract>A description of how to erect a dipole antenna cut to a single
- frequency band. Wire lengths are given for 80, 40, 15, and 10 meters.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- GENERAL INTEREST ARTICLES (GI)
- _________
-
- Title>GI1:Don't Get Blown Away by Your Mobile Rig
- Author>Battles, Brian - WS1O
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 38-39
- Abstract>Federal law now requires that all 1994-model and later
- passenger cars must have passive-restraint systems for both occupants of
- the front seat; after 1998, air-bags on both sides. Hams must consider
- the air-bags when installing radios in any car, van, or truck.
-
- _________
-
- Title>GI2:Big LEOs
- Author>Hale, Bruce S. - KB1MW/7
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 40-41
- Abstract>Description of Motorola's "Iridium" worldwide communications
- system to be active by 1996.
-
- Digest>This article is a description of the "Iridium" worldwide
- communications system to be built by Motorola. It will be made up of 66
- satellites orbiting the world continuously in low-earth orbits (LEOs).
- When all are in operation, every point on the surface of the earth will
- always be within line-of-sight communication distance of one or more
- satellites. It will make it possible for two people anywhere on the
- surface of the earth to talk with each other by telephone, at anytime!
-
- Each of the satellites will be 3-feet in diameter, 6-feet tall, and
- weigh about 700 pounds. It will have 6 scanning antenna arrays and one
- fixed-beam antenna. It will form 37 spot-beam "cells" approximately 400
- miles in diameter. On the ground, the customer will have a hand-held
- transceiver with the equivalent of a "rubber-duck" antenna and will at
- all times be within one of the "cells" of one or more satellites. When
- the customer dials a number, it will be received by the nearest
- satellite, relayed through as many other satellites as necessary until
- it reaches the one that is over the destination point, and that one will
- ring the phone belonging to the person being called. As the satellites
- move through space, they will "pass-off" each customer to the next
- satellite in a way analagous to the way cellular operate now.
-
- Motorola expects to have all 66 satellites in position by 1996. They
- expect to attract 700,000 customers in the first year of operation and
- reach 1.4 million users by 2001.
-
- The author calls the system "an offshoot of our pioneering MICROSATS".
- He has a point!
- _________
-
-
- Title>GI3:Visiting Amateurs in the Far East
- Author>Pataki, George - WB2AQC
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 42-45
- Abstract>Descriptions of one ham's visits with East Asian hams.
-
- Digest>The author describes the interesting experiences that he had
- recently when he travelled with his wife and two children through eight
- countries in East Asia and visited hams in each. The article is
- illustrated by a number of photographs that he took showing hams with
- their shacks and/or antennas in almost all of the countries they
- visited.
-
- Mr. Pataki recommends that anyone who would like to meet local hams
- during a foreign trip should make preparations well in advance, writing
- letters and follow-ups. It is a good idea to make many more contacts
- ahead than can be visited in person, for some will not work out.
-
- _________
-
- Title>GI4:Five Meters or Bust
- Author>Syverson, Burt - K5CW
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 46-47
- Abstract>A nostalgia article, written by a current-day "old-timer"
- recalling his first attempts at ham radio in 1934 when he was about 15
- years old.
- _________
-
- Title>GI5:Transmtter Hunting: Tracking Down the Fun - Part 1
- Author>Moell, Joe - K0OV
- Source>QST Apr 1993, pp. 48-50
- Abstract>A description of the sport of radio direction finding.
-
- Digest>This is part 1 of a 2-part article describing radio direction
- finding (RDF) as competitive activities. Sometimes known as
- "fox-hunting" or "T-hunting", they are usually events organized by ham
- radio clubs. The majority are on 2-meters, but sometimes are found on
- any band from 50 to 450 MHz.
-
- Usually the club arranges to hide a transmitter somewhere within a
- defined territory and teams of members equipped with RDF antennas and
- rigs set out to find it. The assigned areas are usually from 75 to 2500
- square miles (50-by-50 miles), but some are much more ambitious. The
- author describes one that started from the top of a peninsula on the
- Southern California coast, ran for an entire weekend, and tracked as far
- as Arizona and Nevada, more than 200 miles from the start.
-
- Equipment required ranges from an HT with a hand-held 2-element antenna
- to multi-element Yagis and quads mounted on the tops of automobiles or
- vans.
-
- In the next month's issue, Part 2 will describe more sophisticated RDF
- antennas and detection systems.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-